CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
Journalism
is a term that has attracted debates as to whether it is a profession or not.
Journalism can be classified as one of the core professions in Nigeria for more
than an average mass communication student; it has being in existences for
decades in which its role cannot be undermined with key code of ethics guiding
its existences.
According
to the Society of Professional Journalist: Code of Ethics is a statement of
abiding principles supported by additional explanations and position papers
that address changing journalistic practices. It is not a set of rules, rather
a guide that encourages all who engage in journalism to take responsibility for
the information they provide, regardless of medium. The code should be read as
a whole; individual principles should not be taken out of context. It is not,
nor can it be under the First Amendment, legally enforceable.
According
to Odunewu, (2000) submits that journalism is a profession because journalists
perform critical functions in the society such that any “journalist that wants
to excel must adhere to certain standards of behaviour. Also, there are core
values such as respect for truth, accuracy, independence, fairness, balance,
which a journalist must uphold”. Journalism entails a high degree of public trust.
To earn and maintain this trust, it is morally imperative for every journalist
and every news medium to observe the highest professional and ethical
standards. In the exercise of these duties, a journalist should always have a
healthy regard for the public interest. The professional norms of good
journalism include, in particular, the following; truthfulness, objectivity,
neutrality and detachment. Kempf, (2007)
Ethics
is a moral concept. There is a consensus among philosophers that ethics is
synonymous with morality and both involve human action (conduct). The word
‘ethics’ comes from a Greek word ‘ethos’ which means character, while the word
‘morals’ comes from the Latin word ‘moralism’ which means custom or manner.
According to Tschudin (1992) “both words (ethics and morals) means custom, i.e.
fundamental ways of conduct which are not only customary, but also right.
Frankena and Granrose (1974) explain that the word ‘ethics ‘Stands for a branch
of philosophy or philosophical thinking about morality and its problem. Ethics
in journalism.
Media ethics simply means the rules and
regulation guiding the media organization. It can be both print and broadcast.
There five principles guiding the media ethics are: Truth and accuracy
journalist always have to be accurate with their news in order not to cause
defamation in any form and if the truth cannot be totally told. Fairness and
impartiality there is always two sides to a story. Journalist should always try
to report both sides of a story in order to make the new balanced.
However,
humanity of the pen of the journalist is very important in the media. It can
either praise you or destroy you. As journalist, you should not use this power
to injure other people. If you do so, you will face the penalty. Accountability
every journalist is accountable for whatever he or she writes. Either good or
bad and must take glory or blame for their actions.
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