CHAPTER ONE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background to the Study
The
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English defines language as “the system of
expression by means of words” a particular system of words as used by a people
or nation, or “a system of signs, movements and so on used to express meanings
or feelings” or “a particular style or manner of expression such as in poetic
language”.
Language can also be
defined as “a communicative system consisting of formal units that are
integrated through processes of combination”. Bonvillain, (2000). On his part,
Omojuyigbe (2004) describes language as “a series of sounds strung together in
groups to convey meaning to listeners”. From the various definitions of
language, one can infer that language is an integral part of human behaviour
and it serves as the primary means of interaction between people.
An indigenous language
is a language that is native to a region and spoken by indigenous people of the
same cultural value and belief. This language would be from a linguistically
distinct community that has been settled in an area for many generations.
Many
indigenous languages have become endangered because of language deaths or
linguicide caused by colonization, in which the original language is replaced
by that of the colonists.
The
only channel by which human beings abstract reality is through language.
Language affects the way we think or perceive our reality. If language is allow
to slip away from a particular group of people or culture because of the
various trans-national structural revolutions going on in the world today in
the name of globalization, we will begin to think further. Such newness affects
our reality and this leads to endangerment.
One
of such endangerments, that are very important complement to our environment,
is language endangerment. The Global Language Register (GLR) observes that
“less than a third of the world’s languages are dying...” (Crystal 2000: 7).
Moreover, the present reality in the world today is the rapid endangerment and
death of many languages.
At
the extreme end of language endangerment are Language Attrition and Language
Death. It is said that only 600 of the 6,000 of so many languages in the world
are safe from the threat of extinction.
The
Nigeria situation is quite alarming because both population and language
endangerment complement each other. We want to opine that in the next
twenty-five years, most of the languages in Nigeria would be gone.
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