CHAPTER
ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study
Child abuse and child
labour has represents one of the most dehumanizing forms of human rights abuse
in Nigeria. Top on the hat of the slavery-like practices in Nigeria against
children is child abuse and trafficking. Combating child abuse has gathered
considerable momentum over the years with increased political awareness
regarding the phenomenon, as illustrated by the localized adoption and
ratification of international standards and important commitments undertaken in
international conference by different states. Dyorouhgi, (2014).
In 2002, the African
union reaffirmed its commitment to combat child abuse. It identified the
elimination of human trafficking as an operational priority. Economic Community
of West African States (ECOWAS) in 2001 developed strategies to fight child
abuse for exploitative labour purposes in West and Central Africa. In Africa, the
first commitment to combat trafficking is exemplified in Africa charter on the
right or welfare of the child (1990).
In the United Nations
(UN) protocol to prevent, suppress or punish trafficking in person especially
women and children. The United Nations convention against transitional
organized crime called Palermo protocols, defines human trafficking to mean the
recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring as receipt of persons by means
of threat, or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud,
of deception, abuse of power or of a position of benefit, vulnerability, of the
giving or receiving of payment to receive the consent of a person having
control over another person for the purpose of exploitation. (Arinze, 2006).
In order to mobilize
effective efforts, political will and policy responses to prevent or combat
child abuse, the international community reached a common consensus on a common
normative definition or trafficking in human beings which include various form
of sexual exploitation or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery,
servitude or removal of organs. The focus of the provision stresses that child
abuse for exploitative purposes should be considered a crime and must be
prosecuted. Its also stressed that national laws should be reviewed to ensure
compliance through legislative process the protocol as a model. Uzoezie,
(2015).
According to Arinze
(2016), the activities of some non-governmental organizations like women or
child labour eradication. Women trafficking and child labour eradication
foundation (WOTCLEF) and India Renaissance brought the issue of human
trafficking especially child labour to the national discourse-and made the wife
of the former vice president Mrs. Titi Abubakar to initiate or bill to the
national assembly in person. This action was followed by the establishment of
National Agency for the prohibition trafficking in persons and other related
matters. The agency is to enforce the laws against trafficking in persons,
investigate or prosecute persons suspected to engage in trafficking in persons
or take change or coordinate the rehabilitation of victims of human
trafficking. Eru, (2000).
Child abuse takes place
in most parts of the world. Testimonies of victims of trafficking have shown
that various techniques are used by traffickers to trick children and their
parents. Research has also shown that there is a very powerful and highly
organized network that is reaping substantial profits from exploiting the
convenience of international communication weakness of penal system and
vulnerability of parents and children. Uzoezie, (2015).
Mass media as the
channels of communication that involve transmitting of information in some way
shape or form to large numbers of people. They include broadcast media and
print media. According to Robert (2015), the mass media can be used to present
one section of community to another in other to correct mis-information
malediction. It can be used to reduce an ignorance of another way of life. In
the view of Merfix (1990) the mass media can contribute to people awareness of
potentialities, dissatisfaction and collective power among people.
Mass media encourage
and ginger people to achieve their goals or the goals of the society by
promoting such goals in the media and stimulating the aspirations and
activities of the people towards achieving such goals (Okun 2009).
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